Law Firm - acceptable Objections in a Deposition
Good afternoon. Today, I found out about Law Firm - acceptable Objections in a Deposition. Which is very helpful to me and you. acceptable Objections in a DepositionHave you ever taken a deposition and had your opponent continually vocalize inappropriate objections? One after the other: "Irrelevant;" "hearsay;" "assumes facts not in evidence," "calls for an opinion." Obnoxious, isn't it?
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Or worse yet, an attorney makes speaking objections blatantly designed to coach the witness, such as: "Calculated to mislead the jury into believing his side of the story, i.e., that the cardiologist failed to retell the abnormal Ekg and focused exclusively on the mucus in the lungs, when in fact the evidence suggests that the Ekg was not conducted until after this recognize examined the patient. I instruct the recognize not to talk on the grounds that doing so would be prejudicial."
Considering that depositions cost a thousand dollars or more to take and sometimes need weeks or months to convene, inappropriate objections can be pretty infuriating. This begs the question: Which objections are appropriate in a deposition?
The first thing to remember is that depositions are for conducting discovery. And the scope of allowable discovery includes "any matter not privileged, that is relevant to the branch matter complex . . . [that is] itself admissible in evidence or appears reasonably calculated to lead to the discovery of admissible evidence." Code of Civil course §2017.010.
Therefore, at all times during a deposition, be attuned for questions that seek information that is privileged, not relevant to the branch matter or that are not reasonably calculated to the discovery of admissible evidence. Objections to such questions, if well-taken, are most likely to be proper.
Privileges are fairly easy to grasp and "not reasonably calculated" questions are those questions that could only logically locate inadmissible matter. The harder notion to understand is "not relevant to the branch matter." This is not the same thing as "relevancy" as a test for "admissibility," as used in Evidence Code §350. Rather, "relevant to the branch matter" for purposes of discovery is best notion of as helpful for evaluating the case, establishment for trial or facilitating settlement. Gonzalez v. Classic Court (City of San Fernando) (1995) 33 Cal. App.4th 1539, 1546.) Also, there is a balance that comes into play when probing into irrelevant matter. Courts reconsider either the advantage of allowing the discovery outweighs the burden. See, Bridgestone/Firestone v. Classic Court (Rios) (1992) 7 Cal.App.4th 1384, 1391.
The main thing to remember is that the scope of allowable discovery is very broad. "Reasonably calculated to lead to the discovery of admissible evidence" means that you are allowed to probe into areas that may themselves not be admissible, if doing so would shed light on other evidence that is admissible. See, Greyhound Corp. V. Classic Court (Clay) (1961) 56 Cal.2d 355, 384. Therefore, the scope of allowable grounds for objecting to questions in a deposition is narrower than at trial.
For example, it is allowable to ask a deponent questions that call for hearsay, information that might itself be technically irrelevant to an issue or that calls for an opinion, even from a lay witness. The answers to those questions might be inadmissible at trial, but might lead to follow-up questions that locate admissible evidence. Thus, objections such as "hearsay," "irrelevant" and "calls for an opinion" are commonly improper in a deposition.
Case law specifically allows asking questions that call for hearsay in a deposition because it might lead to other admissible evidence. Smith v. Classic Court (Alfred) (1961) 189 Cal.App.2d 6, 11-12. Likewise, it is allowable to seek information that is cumulative, so an objection on that ground would be improper. Tbg Ins. Services v. Classic Court (Zieminski) (2002) 96 Cal.App.4th 443, 448. The one irregularity to this general rule involves discovery taken from non-parties, against whom fishing excursions far afield of the issues are not likely to be permitted.
Asserting a privilege is a allowable objection in a deposition. Such privilege objections consist of attorney-client (Evid. Code §950), doctor-patient (Evid. Code §990), psychotherapist-patient (Evid. Code §1010), clergy-penitent (Evid. Code §1030), slef-incrimination (Evid. Code §940), spousal communications (Evid. Code §980), trade secrets (Evid. Code §1060), tax returns (Webb v. appropriate Oil (1957) 49 Cal.2d 509, 513-514), matters discussed in mediation (Evid. Code §1152), and others.
The next group of allowable objections in a deposition involve objections to the form of the question. Under Code of Civil course §2025.460, subdivision (b), unless objections to the form of a question are raised in the deposition, they are waived. Such objections consist of assertions that the question is ambiguous, confusing, compound, calls for an undue narrative, calls for speculation, is argumentative or leading.
These objections need not be controversial. If your opponent objects to the form of your questions, do not butt heads about either the objection was allowable or not. naturally rephrase your question and move on.
I have seen defense attorneys intimidate plaintiffs and fresh plaintiffs' attorneys in depositions by taking out a copy of the complaint and asking the plaintiff to account for the legal contentions. These are improper questions in a deposition and objections to them would be well-taken. See, Rifkind v. Classic Court (Good) (1994) 22 Cal.App.4th 1255, 1259. asking the plaintiff questions about factual contentions from the complaint, however, is permissible.
I have also seen attorneys instruct their clients not to talk questions following objections. This is only allowable if the objection involves a privilege. Indeed, Code of Civil course §2025.460, subdivision (a) absolutely requires you to object to a question and instruct your client not to talk in order to preserve the privilege objection or it is waived.
But instructing a recognize not to talk a question on any other grounds is improper. Stewart v. Colonial Western department (2001) 87 Cal.App.4th 1006, 1015. It is also annoying, since it impedes the flow of information and tends to embolden the recognize to look to the lawyer for a side door any time the questions get tough.
Other allowable grounds for objection in a deposition consist of objections to defects in the deposition notice, defects regarding the oath or affirmation, and objections challenging misconduct by a party, an attorney for a party or the court reporter.
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